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| 1800 |
| | | Napoleon takes a French army through the Alps before the snows have cleared, and defeats the Austrians at Marengo | |
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| 1801 |
| | | Napoleon mends France's fences with Roman Catholicism by agreeing a Concordat with Pope Pius VII | |
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| 1805 |
| | | Napoleon has himself crowned king of Italy in the cathedral in Milan | |
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| 1806 |
| | | The Carbonari, an Italian group of revolutionaries, make their first appearance in Naples in opposition to French rule | |
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| 1806 |
| | | French painter Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres moves to Rome and lives there for 18 years | |
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| 1808 |
| | | Napoleon gives the throne of Naples, vacated by his brother Joseph, to Joachim Murat | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon annexes the Papal States and is excommunicated by the pope, Pius VII | |
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| 1809 |
| | | Napoleon, in response to his excommunication, has pope Pius VII arrested and kept in captivity in northern Italy and then France | |
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| 1811 |
| | | Italian chemist Amedeo Avogadro publishes a hypothesis, about the number of molecules in gases, that becomes known as Avogadro's Law | |
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| 1814 |
| | | Napoleon goes into exile on the island of Elba, which he immediately treats as a miniature state in need of improvement | |
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